---
title: "Compliance-Based Practices"
description: "Table 4\r\nLevels of Support for Compliance-Based Practices\r\nPractice\tResearch Support\tField Support: Low Risk\t\tField Support: Med/High Risk\r\n\t\tProbation \tJSI\t\tProbation \tJSI\r\nEmployer Contacts\tInconclusive\tMinimal\tMinimal\t\tModerate\tModerate\r\nCollateral Contacts\tInconclusive\tModerate\tMinimal\t\tWide\tModerate\r\nDrug Testing\tEvidence-Based*\tN/A\tMinimalb\t\tN/A\tModerate\r\nElectronic Monitoring\tInconclusive\tMinimal\tMinimal\t\tModerate\tModerate\r\nPhone-Based Monitoring\tPromising\tModerate\tMinimal\t\tModerate\tModerate\r\nHouse Arrest\tPromising\tMinimal\tMinimal\t\tModerate\tModerate\r\nRestraining Orders\tInconclusive\tModerate\tMinimal\t\tModerate\tModerate\r\nFinancial Restrictions\tInconclusive\tModeratea\tMinimal\t\tModeratea\tModerate\r\n* = Evidence-based with qualifications\r\na Probation respondents reported moderate support for fines and fees but wide support for restitution\r\nb JSI respondents reported minimal support for scheduled drug testing but moderate support for random drug testing for low risk"
url: "https://www.gmuace.org/appropriateness-statement-package/compliance-based-practices/compliance-based-practices/"
updated: "2023-03-06"
category: "Compliance-Based Practices"
---

# Compliance-Based Practices

The following section covers number of compliance-based  (monitoring and oversight) practices. These include employer contacts, collateral contacts, drug testing, electronic monitoring, phone-based monitoring, house arrest, restraining orders, and financial restrictions (fines, fees, restitution). Also provided are implementation recommendation on how organizations can prepare to make changes to their policies on compliance-based practices. Finally, this section contains appropriateness statements which include the results of the empirical evidence analysis.

The following table shows a summary of the results from the evidence analysis. The practices is categorized according to four levels: appropriate, promising, inconclusive, and not evidence-based depending on the amount and type of research available (see Introduction Table 2 for definitions). Also included are the perceptions of individuals working in supervision agencies and individuals that have experience with the justice system to illustrate different views about the contacts. The following table summarizes the evidence level, the probation staff perceptions, and JSI perceptions of the practices in this section.

**Table 4**

Levels of Support for Compliance-Based Practices

**Practice**

**Research Support**

**Field Support: Low Risk**

**Field Support: Med/High Risk**

*** ***

*** ***

***Probation***

***JSI***

***Probation***

***JSI***

Employer Contacts

Collateral Contacts

Drug Testing

Electronic Monitoring

Phone-Based Monitoring

House Arrest

Restraining Orders

Financial Restrictions

Inconclusive

Inconclusive

Evidence-Based*

Inconclusive

Promising

Promising

Inconclusive

Inconclusive

Minimal

Moderate

N/A

Minimal

Moderate

Minimal

Moderate

Moderate^a

Minimal

Minimal

Minimal^b

Minimal

Minimal

Minimal

Minimal

Minimal

Moderate

Wide

N/A

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate^a

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

* = Evidence-based with qualifications
 ^a Probation respondents reported moderate support for fines and fees but wide support for restitution
 ^b JSI respondents reported minimal support for scheduled drug testing but moderate support for random drug testing for low risk